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| cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 1 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 8 v to 18 vin, 15 a cool-power zvs buck regulator cool-power ? pi34xx-00 product description the pi34xx-00 is a family of high efficiency dc-dc zvs-buck regulators integrating the controller, power switches and support components within a high density system-in-package (sip). the pi34xx-00 is designed to achieve optimum efficiency at low input voltage ranges (8 v to 18 v). the utilization of zero current soft turn-on provided by the high performance zvs topology within the pi34xx-00 series increases point of load performance, providing best in class power efficiency with high throughput power. the pi34xx-00 requires only an external inductor and minimal capacitors to form a complete dc-dc switching mode buck regulator. the zvs architecture enables high frequency operation while minimizing switching losses and maximizing efficiency. the high switching frequency operation reduces the size of the external ?ltering components, improves power density, and enables very fast dynamic response to line and load transients. the zvs architecture enables operation up to 750 khz while minimizing switching losses and the use of variable frequency extends high efficiency over a very wide dynamic range. the pi34xx-00 series has a minimum on time of 20ns which enables large step down conversion ratios. features & benefits ? high efficiency zvs-buck topology ? input voltage range of 8 v to 18 v ? very-fast transient response ? power-up into pre-biased load ? high accuracy pre-trimmed output voltage ? user adjustable soft-start & tracking ? parallel capable with single wire current sharing ? input over/undervoltage lockout (ovlo/uvlo) ? output overvoltage protection (ovp) ? overtemperature protection (otp) ? fast and slow current limits ? -40c to 125c operating range (t j ) applications ? high efficiency systems ? computing, communications, industrial, automotive equipment package information ? 10 mm x 14 mm x 2.6 mm lga sip device output voltage i out max set range pi3420-00-lgiz 1.0 v 1.0 v to 1.4 v 15 a pi3421-00-lgiz 1.8 v 1.4 v to 2.0 v 15 a pi3422-00-lgiz 2.5 v 2.0 v to 3.1 v 15 a pi3423-00-lgiz 3.3 v 2.3 v to 4.1 v 15 a pi3424-00-lgiz 5.0 v 3.3 v to 6.5 v 15 a
cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 2 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 contents contents page order information 3 thermal, storage, and handling information 3 absolute maximum ratings 4 functional block diagram 4 pin description 5 package pin-out 5 pi3420-00-lgiz electrical characteristics 6 pi3421-00-lgiz electrical characteristics 9 pi3422-00-lgiz electrical characteristics 12 pi3423-00-lgiz electrical characteristics 15 pi3424-00-lgiz electrical characteristics 18 thermal derating curves 21 functional description 22 enable 22 remote sensing 22 switching frequency synchronization 22 soft-start 22 output voltage trim 22 output current limit protection 22 input undervoltage lockout 22 input overvoltage lockout 22 output ovevoltage protection 23 overtemperature protection 23 parallel operation 23 pulse skip mode (psm) 23 variable frequency operation 23 contents page application description 23 output voltage trim 23 soft-start adjust and tracking 24 inductor pairing 25 thermal derating 25 filter considerations 25 layout guidelines 26 recommended pcb footprint and stencil 27 package drawings 28 revision history 29 warranty 30 cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 3 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 order information thermal, storage, and handling information name rating storage temperature -65c to 150c operating junction temperature -40c to 125c soldering temperature for 20 seconds 245c msl rating 2 kv hbm cool-power output range i out max package transport media set range pi3420-00-lgiz 1.0 v 1.0 to 1.4 v 15 a 10 mm x 14 mm 123-pin lga tray pi3421-00-lgiz 1.8 v 1.4 to 2.0 v 15 a 10 mm x 14 mm 123-pin lga tray pi3422-00-lgiz 2.5 v 2.0 to 3.1 v 15 a 10 mm x 14 mm 123-pin lga tray pi3423-00-lgiz 3.3 v 2.3 to 4.1 v 15 a 10 mm x 14 mm 123-pin lga tray pi3424-00-lgiz 5.0 v 3.3 to 6.5 v 15 a 10 mm x 14 mm 123-pin lga tray cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 4 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 functional block diagram vin pgnd s gn d synco pgd q1 q2 a dr0 s da vcc a dr1 en synci trk eao adj vs1 power control interface memory + - vout rem s cl r4 r2 vout 0 r1 zvs control 1v vin absolute maximum ratings notes: at 25c ambient temperature. stresses beyond these limits may cause permanent damage to the device. operation at these conditio ns or conditions beyond those listed in the electrical characteristics is not guaranteed. all voltage nodes are referenced to pgnd unless other wise noted. test conditions are per the specifications within the individual product electrical characteristics. simplified block diagram (i2c pins scl, sda, adr0, and adr1 are for factory use only. not for use in application.) name rating v in -0.7 v to 22 v vs1 -0.7 to 22 v, 25 v for 5 ns, -4 v for 5 ns v out see relevant product section sgnd 100 ma pgd, synco, synci, en, eao, adj, trk, adr1, adr2, scl, sda, rem -0.3 v to 5.5 v / 5 ma cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 5 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 pgd eao en r e m vs1 block 4 vin block 3 pgnd block 2 s ynci sy nco nc sgnd adj trk sda scl adr0 adr1 k j h g f e d c b a 13 12 5 4 3 1 14 210 9 8 7 611 sgnd block 1 vout block 5 n c package pin-out pin description block 1: b2-4, c2-4, d2-3, e2-3, f1-3, g2-3, h2-3, j1-3, k1-2 block 2: a8-10, b8-10, c8-10, d8-10, e4-10, f4-10, g4-10, h4-10, j4-10, k6-10 block 3: g12-14, h12-14, j12-14, k12-14 block 4: a12-14, b12-14, c12-14, d12-14, e12-14, block 5: a6-7, b6-7, c6-7, d6-7 123-lead lga (10mmx 14mm) top view name location description sgnd block 1 signal ground: internal logic ground for ea, trk, synci, synco and adj. sgnd and pgnd are star connected within the regulator package. pgnd block 2 power ground: v in and v out power returns. vin block 3 input voltage: and sense for uvlo, ovlo and feed forward ramp. vout block 5 output voltage: and sense for power switches and feed-forward ramp. vs1 block 4 switching node: and zvs sense for power switches. pgd a1 parallel good: used for parallel timing management intended for lead regulator. eao a2 error amp output: external connection for additional compensation and current sharing. en a3 enable input: regulator enable control. asserted high or left floating ? regulator enabled; asserted low, regulator output disabled. rem a5 remote sense: high side connection. connect to output regulation point. adj b1 adjust input: an external resistor may be connected between adj pin and sgnd or v out to trim the output voltage up or down. trk c1 soft-start and track input: an external capacitor may be connected between trk pin and sgnd to decrease the rate of rise during soft-start. nc k3, a4 no connect: leave pins floating. synco k4 synchronization output: outputs a high signal for ? of the minimum period for synchronization of other regulators. synci k5 synchronization input: synchronize to the falling edge of external clock frequency. synci is a high impedance digital input node and should always be connected to sgnd when not in use. sda d1 data line: connect to sgnd. factory use only. not for use in application. scl e1 clock line : connect to sgnd. factory use only. not for use in application. adr1 h1 tri-state address: no connect. factory use only. not for use in application. adr0 g1 tri-state address: no connect. factory use only. not for use in application. cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 6 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 pi3420-00-lgiz (1.0 v out ) electrical characteristics specifications apply for -40c < t j < 125c, v in =12 v, l1 = 85 nh (note 1) unless other conditions are noted. [1] all parameters reflect regulator and inductor system performance. measurements were made using a standard pi34xx-00 evaluation board with 3 x 4? dimensions and 4 layer, 2oz copper. refer to inductor pairing table within application description section for specific inducto r manufacturer and value. [2] regulator is assured to meet performance specifications by design, test correlation, characterization, and/or statistical proce ss control. [3] output current capability may be limited and other performance may vary from noted electrical characteristics when switching fr equency or v out is modified. [4] refer to output ripple plots. [5] refer to load current vs. ambient temperature curves. [6] refer to switching frequency vs. load current curves. parameter symbol conditions min typ max unit input specifications input voltage v in_dc minimum 1 ma load required 8 12 18 v input current i in_dc v in = 12 v, t c = 25c, i out = 15 a 1.437 a input current at output short i in_short note [2] 10 ma (fault condition duty cycle) input quiescent current i q_vin disabled 2.6 ma enabled (no load) 4 input voltage slew rate v in_sr note [2] 1v/ s output specifications output voltage total regulation v out_dc note [2] 0.987 1.0 1.013 v output voltage trim range v out_dc note [3] 1.0 1.4 v line regulation ? v out ( ? v in ) @25c, 8 v cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 8 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 efficiency at 25? i out (a) efficiency % 8 vin 12 vin 18 vin 100 50 15 0 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 1 2 3 456 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 figure 1 ? regulator and inductor performance figure 2 ? v out (ch1) = 500 mv/div, i in (ch4) = 1 a/div, 800 s/div figure 4 ? 12 v in to 1.0 v out , c out = 8 x 100 f ceramic v out (ch4) = 100 mv/div, i out (ch1) = 10 a/div, 100 s/div switching frequency vs. load current i out (a) switching frequency (khz) 8 vin 12 vin 18 vin 0 15 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 figure 3 ? switching frequency vs. load current pi3420-00-lgiz (1.0 v out ) electrical characteristics figure 6 ? output ripple 12 v in 1.0 v out at 7.0 a; c out = 8 x 100 f figure 5 ? output ripple 12 v in 1.0 v out at 15 a; c out = 8 x 100 f cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 9 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 pi3421-00-lgiz (1.8 v out ) electrical characteristics specifications apply for -40c < t j < 125c, v in =12 v, l1 = 125 nh (note 1) unless other conditions are noted. [1] all parameters reflect regulator and inductor system performance. measurements were made using a standard pi34xx-00 evaluation board with 3 x 4? dimensions and 4 layer, 2oz copper. refer to inductor pairing table within application description section for specific inducto r manufacturer and value. [2] regulator is assured to meet performance specifications by design, test correlation, characterization, and/or statistical proce ss control. [3] output current capability may be limited and other performance may vary from noted electrical characteristics when switching fr equency or v out is modified. [4] refer to output ripple plots. [5] refer to load current vs. ambient temperature curves. [6] refer to switching frequency vs. load current curves. parameter symbol conditions min typ max unit input specifications input voltage v in_dc minimum 1 ma load required 8 12 18 v input current i in_dc v in = 12 v, t c = 25c, i out = 15 a 2.46 a input current at output short i in_short note [2] 10 ma (fault condition duty cycle) input quiescent current i q_vin disabled 2.6 ma enabled (no load) 4.3 input voltage slew rate v in_sr note [2] 1v/ s output specifications output voltage total regulation v out_dc note [2] 1.776 1.8 1.823 v output voltage trim range v out_dc note [3] 1.4 1.8 2.0 v line regulation ? v out ( ? v in ) @25c, 8 v cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 11 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 efficiency at 25? i out (a) efficiency % 8 vin 12 vin 18 vin 100 50 15 0 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 1 2 3 456 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 figure 7 ? regulator and inductor performance figure 8 ? v out (ch1) = 1v/div, i in (ch4) = 2 a/div, 800 s/div figure 10 ? 12 v in to 1.8 v out , c out = 8 x 100 f ceramic v out (ch2) = 100 mv/div, i in (ch1) = 10 a/div, 100 s/div switching frequency vs. load current i out (a) switching frequency (khz) 8 vin 12 vin 18 vin 0 15 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 figure 9 ? switching frequency vs. load current pi3421-00-lgiz (1.8 v out ) electrical characteristics figure 12 ? output ripple 12 v in 1.8 v out at 7.0 a; c out = 8 x 100 f figure 11 ? output ripple 12 v in 1.8 v out at 15 a; c out = 8 x 100 f cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 12 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 pi3422-00-lgiz (2.5 v out ) electrical characteristics specifications apply for -40c < t j < 125c, v in =12 v, l1 = 125 nh (note 1) unless other conditions are noted. [1] all parameters reflect regulator and inductor system performance. measurements were made using a standard pi34xx-00 evaluation board with 3 x 4? dimensions and 4 layer, 2oz copper. refer to inductor pairing table within application description section for specific inducto r manufacturer and value. [2] regulator is assured to meet performance specifications by design, test correlation, characterization, and/or statistical proce ss control. [3] output current capability may be limited and other performance may vary from noted electrical characteristics when switching fr equency or v out is modified. [4] refer to output ripple plots. [5] refer to load current vs. ambient temperature curves. [6] refer to switching frequency vs. load current curves. [7] minimum 5 v between vin-vout must be maintained or a minimum load of 1 ma required. parameter symbol conditions min typ max unit input specifications input voltage v in_dc minimum 1 ma load required 8 12 18 v input current i in_dc v in = 12 v, t c = 25c, i out = 15 a 3.37 a input current at output short i in_short note [2] 10 ma (fault condition duty cycle) input quiescent current i q_vin disabled 2.6 ma enabled (no load) 4.0 input voltage slew rate v in_sr note [2] 1v/ s output specifications output voltage total regulation v out_dc note [2] 2.465 2.5 2.535 v output voltage trim range v out_dc note [3] 2.0 2.5 3.1 v line regulation ? v out ( ? v in ) @25c, 8 v cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 14 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 efficiency at 25? i out (a) efficiency % 8 vin 12 vin 18 vin 100 50 15 0 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 1 2 3 456 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 figure 13 ? regulator and inductor performance figure 14 ? v out (ch3) = 1v/div, i in (ch4) = 2 a/div, 800 s/div figure 16 ? 12 v in to 2.5 v out , c out = 8 x 100 f ceramic v out (ch2) = 100 mv/div, i in (ch1) = 10 a/div, 100 s/div switching frequency vs. load current i out (a) switching frequency (khz) 8 vin 12 vin 18 vin 0 15 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 figure 15 ? switching frequency vs. load current pi3422-00-lgiz (2.5 v out ) electrical characteristics figure 18 ? output ripple 12 v in 2.5 v out at 7.0 a; c out = 8 x 100 f figure 17 ? output ripple 12 v in 2.5 v out at 15 a; c out = 8 x 100 f cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 15 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 pi3423-00-lgiz (3.3 v out ) electrical characteristics specifications apply for -40c < t j < 125c, v in =12 v, l1 = 150 nh (note 1) unless other conditions are noted. [1] all parameters reflect regulator and inductor system performance. measurements were made using a standard pi34xx-00 evaluation board with 3 x 4? dimensions and 4 layer, 2oz copper. refer to inductor pairing table within application description section for specific inducto r manufacturer and value. [2] regulator is assured to meet performance specifications by design, test correlation, characterization, and/or statistical proce ss control. [3] output current capability may be limited and other performance may vary from noted electrical characteristics when switching fr equency or v out is modified. [4] refer to output ripple plots. [5] refer to load current vs. ambient temperature curves. [6] refer to switching frequency vs. load current curves. [7] minimum 5 v between vin-vout must be maintained or a minimum load of 1 ma required. parameter symbol conditions min typ max unit input specifications input voltage v in_dc minimum 1 ma load required 8 12 18 v input current i in_dc v in = 12 v, t c = 25c, i out = 15 a 4.43 a input current at output short i in_short note [2] 10 ma (fault condition duty cycle) input quiescent current i q_vin disabled 2.6 ma enabled (no load) 4 input voltage slew rate v in_sr note [2] 1v/ s output specifications output voltage total regulation v out_dc note [2] 3.25 3.30 3.36 v output voltage trim range v out_dc note [3] 2.3 3.3 4.1 v line regulation ? v out ( ? v in ) @25c, 8 v cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 17 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 efficiency at 25? i out (a) efficiency % 8 vin 12 vin 18 vin 100 50 15 0 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 1 2 3 456 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 figure 19 ? regulator and inductor performance figure 20 ? v out (ch3) = 1 v/div, i in (ch4) = 2 a/div, 800 s/div figure 22 ? 12 v in to 2.5 v out , c out = 8 x 100 f ceramic v out (ch2) = 100 mv/div, i in (ch1) = 10 a/div, 100 s/div switching frequency vs. load current i out (a) switching frequency (khz) 8 vin 12 vin 18 vin 0 15 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 figure 21 ? switching frequency vs. load current pi3423-00-lgiz (3.3 v out ) electrical characteristics figure 24 ? output ripple 12 v in 3.3 v out at 7.0 a; c out = 8 x 100 f figure 23 ? output ripple 12 v in 3.3 v out at 15 a; c out = 8 x 100 f cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 18 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 pi3424-00-lgiz (5.0 v out ) electrical characteristics specifications apply for -40c < t j < 125c, v in =12 v, l1 = 150 nh (note 1) unless other conditions are noted. [1] all parameters reflect regulator and inductor system performance. measurements were made using a standard pi34xx-00 evaluation board with 3 x 4? dimensions and 4 layer, 2oz copper. refer to inductor pairing table within application description section for specific inducto r manufacturer and value. [2] regulator is assured to meet performance specifications by design, test correlation, characterization, and/or statistical proce ss control. [3] output current capability may be limited and other performance may vary from noted electrical characteristics when switching fr equency or v out is modified. [4] refer to output ripple plots. [5] refer to load current vs. ambient temperature curves. [6] refer to switching frequency vs. load current curves. [7] minimum 5 v between vin-vout must be maintained or a minimum load of 1 ma required. parameter symbol conditions min typ max unit input specifications input voltage v in_dc minimum 1 ma load required 8 12 18 v input current i in_dc v in = 12 v, t c = 25c, i out = 15 a 6.57 a input current at output short i in_short note [2] 10 ma (fault condition duty cycle) input quiescent current i q_vin disabled 2.6 ma enabled (no load) 4 input voltage slew rate v in_sr note [2] 1v/ s output specifications output voltage total regulation v out_dc note [2] 4.93 5 5.07 v output voltage trim range v out_dc note [3] 3.3 6.5 v line regulation ? v out ( ? v in ) @25c, 8 v cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 20 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 efficiency at 25? i out (a) efficiency % 8 vin 12 vin 18 vin 100 50 15 0 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 1 2 3 456 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 figure 25 ? regulator and inductor performance figure 26 ? v out (ch1) = 2 v/div, i in (ch4) = 5 a/div, 800 s/div figure 28 ? 12 v in to 5.0 v out , c out = 8 x 47 f ceramic v out (ch2) = 200 mv/div, i out (ch1) = 10 a/div, 100 s/div switching frequency vs. load current i out (a) switching frequency (khz) 8 vin 12 vin 18 vin 0 15 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 figure 27 ? switching frequency vs. load current pi3424-00-lgiz (5.0 v out ) electrical characteristics figure 30 ? output ripple 12 v in 5.0 v out at 7.0 a; c out = 8 x 47 f figure 29 ? output ripple 12 v in 5.0 v out at 15 a; c out = 8 x 47 f cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 21 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 pi3420 load current vs. ambient temperature, 0 lfm ambient temperature (?) load current (a) 8 vin 12 vin 18 vin 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 figure 31 ? pi3420 - load current vs. ambient temperature, 0 lfm pi3422 load current vs. ambient temperature, 0 lfm ambient temperature (?) load current (a) 8 vin 12 vin 18 vin 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 figure 32 ? pi3422 - load current vs. ambient temperature, 0 lfm pi3421 load current vs. ambient temperature, 0 lfm ambient temperature (?) load current (a) 8 vin 12 vin 18 vin 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 figure 34 ? pi3421 - load current vs. ambient temperature, 0 lfm pi3424 load current vs. ambient temperature, 0 lfm ambient temperature (?) load current (a) 8 vin 12 vin 18 vin 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 figure 33 ? pi3424 - load current vs. ambient temperature, 0 lfm thermal derating curves pi3423 load current vs. ambient temperature, 0 lfm ambient temperature (?) load current (a) 8 vin 12 vin 18 vin 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 figure 35 ? pi3423 - load current vs. ambient temperature, 0 lfm cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 22 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 functional description the pi34xx-00 is a family of highly integrated zvs-buck regulators. the pi34xx-00 has a set output voltage that is trimmable within a prescribed range shown in table 1. performance and maximum output current are characterized with a specific external power inductor (see table 4). for basic operation, figure 36 shows the connections and components required. no additional design or settings are required. enable (en) en is the enable pin of the regulator. the en pin is referenced to sgnd and permits the user to turn the regulator on or off. the en polarity is a positive logic assertion. if the en pin is left floating or asserted high, the regulator output is enabled. pulling en pin below 0.8 vdc with respect to sgnd will disable the regulator output. remote sensing an internal 100 resistor is connected between rem pin and vout pin to provide regulation when the rem connection is broken. referring to figure 36, it is important to note that l1 and cout are the output filter and the local sense point for the power supply output. as such, the rem pin should be connected at cout as the default local sense connection unless remote sensing to compensate additional distribution losses in the system. the rem pin should not be left floating. switching frequency synchronization the synci input allows the user to synchronize the controller switching frequency by an external clock referenced to sgnd. the external clock can synchronize the unit between 50% and 110% of the preset switching frequency (fs). the pi34xx-00 syncs to the falling edge of the applied clock providing 180 phase shift from synco. this allows for the paralleling of two pi34xx-00 devices. when using the internal oscillator, the synco pin provides a 5 v clock that can be used to sync other regulators. therefore, one pi34xx- 00 can act as the lead regulator and have additional pi34xx-00 s running in parallel and interleaved. soft-start the pi34xx-00 includes an internal soft-start capacitor to ramp the output voltage in 2ms from 0 v to full output voltage. connecting an external capacitor from the trk pin to sgnd will increase the start-up ramp period. see, soft start adjustment and track, in the applications description section for more details. output voltage trim the pi34xx-00 output voltage can be trimmed up from the preset output by connecting a resistor from adj pin to sgnd and can be trimmed down by connecting a resistor from adj pin to v out . the table 1 defines the voltage ranges for the pi34xx-00 family. output current limit protection pi34xx-00 has two methods implemented to protect from output short or over current condition. slow current limit protection: prevents the output load from sourcing current higher than the regulators maximum rated current. if the output current exceeds the current limit (i out_cl ) for 1024 us, a slow current limit fault is initiated and the regulator is shutdown which eliminates output current flow. after fault restart delay (t fr_dly ), a soft-start cycle is initiated. this restart cycle will be repeated indefinitely until the excessive load is removed. fast current limit protection: pi34xx-00 monitors the regulator inductor current pulse-by-pulse to prevent the output from supplying very high current due to sudden low impedance short (50 a typical). if the regulator senses a high inductor current pulse, it will initiate a fault and stop switching until fault restart delay ends and then initiate a soft-start cycle. input undervoltage lockout if v in falls below the input undervoltage lockout (uvlo) threshold, the regulator will enter a low power state and initiate a fault. the system will restart once the input voltage is reestablished and after the fault restart delay. input overvoltage lockout if vin exceeds the input overvoltage lockout (ovlo) threshold (vovlo), while the regulator is running, the pi34xx-00 will complete the current cycle and stop switching. the system will resume operation after the fault restart delay. figure 36 ? zvs-buck with required components en sg n d v in v in v out synci vs1 v out pgnd synco rem trk adj eao pi34xx c in c out l1 table 1 ? pi34xx-00 family output voltage ranges device output voltage set range pi3420-00-lgiz 1.0 v 1.0 to 1.4 v pi3421-00-lgiz 1.8 v 1.4 to 2.0 v pi3422-00-lgiz 2.5 v 2.0 to 3.1 v pi3423-00-lgiz 3.3 v 2.3 to 4.1 v pi3424-00-lgiz 5.0 v 3.3 to 6.5 v cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 23 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 figure 37 ? pi34xx-00 parallel operation sgnd vs1 pgnd rem trk eao (#1) sgnd vs1 pgnd rem (#2) en eao(#2) trk(#2) en(#2) pgd synci synco synci(#2) synco(#2) r1 trk eao en eao(#1) trk(#1) en(#1) pgd synci synco synci(#1) synco(#1) v in v in v out v out c in c out l1 l1 v in v in v out c in c out zvs buck zvs buck table 2 ? pi34xx-00 family output voltage ranges device output voltage set range pi3420-00-lgiz 1.0 v 1.0 to 1.4 v pi3421-00-lgiz 1.8 v 1.4 to 2.0 v pi3422-00-lgiz 2.5 v 2.0 to 3.1 v pi3423-00-lgiz 3.3 v 2.3 to 4.1 v pi3424-00-lgiz 5.0 v 3.3 to 6.5 v output overvoltage protection the pi34xx-00 family is equipped with output overvoltage protection (ovp) to prevent damage to input voltage sensitive devices. if the output voltage exceeds 20% of its set regulated value, the regulator will complete the current cycle, stop switching and issue an ovp fault. the system will resume operation once the output voltage falls below the ovp threshold and after fault restart delay. overtemperature protection the internal package temperature is monitored to prevent internal components from reaching their thermal maximum. if the over temperature protection threshold (otp) is exceeded (t otp ), the regulator will complete the current switching cycle, enter a low power mode, set a fault flag, and will soft-start when the internal t emperature falls below over- temperature restart (t otp_hys ). parallel operation paralleling modules can be used to increase the output current capability of a single power rail and reduce output voltage ripple. by connecting the eao pins and sgnd pins of each module together the units will share the current equally. when the trk pins of each unit are connected together, the units will track each other during soft-start and all unit en pins have to be released to allow the units to start (see figure 37). also, any fault event in any regulator will disable the other regulators. the two regulators will be out of phase with each other reducing output ripple (refer to switching frequency synchronization). to provide synchronization between regulators over the entire operational frequency range, the parallel good (pgd) pin must be connected to the lead regulator?s (#1) synci pin and a 2.5 k resistor, r1, must be placed between synco (#2) return and the lead regulator?s synci (#1) pin, as shown in figure 37. in this configuration, at system soft-start, the pgd pin pulls synci low forcing the lead regulator to initialize the open-loop startup synchronization. once the regulators reach regulation, synci is released and the system is now synchronized in a closed-loop configuration which allows the system to adjust, on the fly, when any of the individual regulators begin to enter variable frequency mode in the loop. pulse skip mode (psm) pi34xx-00 features a psm to achieve high efficiency at light loads. the regulators are setup to skip pulses if eao falls below a psm threshold. depending on conditions and component values, this may result in single pulses or several consecutive pulses followed by skipped pulses. skipping cycles significantly reduces gate drive power and improves light load efficiency. the regulator will leave psm once the eao rises above the skip mode threshold. variable frequency operation each pi34xx-00 is preprogrammed to a base operating frequency, with respect to the power stage inductor (see table 4), to operate at peak efficiency across line and load variations. at low line and high load applications, the base frequency will decrease to accommodate these extreme operating ranges. by stretching the frequency, the zvs operation is preserved throughout the total input line voltage range therefore maintaining optimum efficiency. application description output voltage trim the pi34xx-00 family of buck regulators provides five common output voltages: 1.0 v, 1.8 v, 2.5 v, 3.3 v and 5.0 v. a post-package trim step is implemented to offset any resistor divider network errors ensuring maximum output accuracy. with a single resistor connected from the adj pin to sgnd or rem, each device?s output can be varied above or below the nominal set voltage (the pi3420-00 can only be adjusted above the set voltage of 1 v). the remote pin (rem) should always be connected to the v out pin to prevent an output voltage offset. figure 38 shows the internal feedback voltage divider network. r1, r2, and r4 are all internal 1.0 % resistors and r_low and r_high are external resistors for which the designer can add to modify v out to a desired output. the internal resistor values for each regulator are listed next in table 3. by choosing an output voltage value within the ranges stated in table 2, v out can simply be adjusted up or down by selecting the proper r_high or r_low value, respectively. the following equations can be used to calculate r_high and r_low values: if, for example, a 4.0 v output is needed, the user should choose the regulator with a trim range covering 4.0 v from table 2. for this example, the pi3423 is selected (3.3 v set voltage). first step would be to use equation (1) to calculate r _high since the required output voltage is higher than the regulator set voltage. the resistor-divider network values for the pi3423 can be found in table 3 and are r1 = 2.61k and r2 = 1.13 k. inserting these values in to equation (1), r _high is calculated as follows: resistor r_high should be connected as shown in figure 38 to achieve the desired 4.0 v regulator output. no external r_low resistor is need in this design example since the trim is above the regulator set voltage. the pi3420 output voltage can only be trimmed higher than the factory 1 v setting. the following equation (3) can be used calculate rhigh values for the pi3420 regulators. soft-start adjust and tracking the trk pin offers a means to increase the regulators soft- start time or to track with additional regulators. . the soft- start slope is controlled by an internal capacitor and a fixed charge current to provide a soft-start time tss for all for all pi34xx-00 regulators. by adding an additional external capacitor to the trk pin, the soft-start time can be increased further. the following equation can be used to calculate the proper capacitor for a desired soft-start times: c trk = (t trk xi trk ) C 100 x 10 -9 , where, t trk is the soft-start time and i trk is a 50 a internal charge current (see electrical characteristics for limits). there is typically either a proportional or direct tracking method implemented within a tracking design. for proportional tracking between several regulators at startup, simply connect all devices trk pins together. this type of tracking will force all connected regulators to startup and reach regulation at the same time (see figure 39 (a)). for direct tracking, choose the regulator with the highest output voltage as the master and connect the master trk pin to the trk pin of the other regulators through a divider (figure 40) with the same ratio as the slaves feedback divider (see table 3 for values). all connected regulators soft-start slopes will track with this method. direct tracking timing is demonstrated in figure 39 (b). cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 24 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 + - adj rem v out r2 r1 r4 sgnd r low r high 1.0 vdc figure 38 ? internal resistor divider network table 3 ? pi34xx-00 internal divider values (b) (a) 2 out v out master v 2 out v 1 out v t figure 39 ? pi34xx-00 tracking methods device r1 r2 r4 pi3420-00-lgiz 1 k 100 pi3421-00-lgiz 0.806 k 1.0 k 100 pi3422-00-lgiz 1.5 k 1.0 k 100 pi3423-00-lgiz 2.61 k 1.13 k 100 pi3424-00-lgiz 4.53 k 1.13 k 100 cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 25 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 table 4 ? pi34xx-00 inductor pairing device v in (v) i load (a) c input bulk elec. c input ceramic x5r c output ceramic x5r c input ripple current (i rms ) c output ripple current (i rms ) input ripple (mvpp) output ripple (mvpp) output ripple (mvpk) recovery time (s) load step (a) (slew/s) pi3420 12 15 100 f 50 v 6 x 22 f 8 x 100 f 2 x 1 f 1 x 0.1 f 0.85 1.24 98 36 -/+41 42 7.5 (5 a/s) 7.5 43 27 pi3421 12 15 100 f 50 v 6 x 22 f 8 x 100 f 2 x 1 f 1 x 0.1 f 1.0 1.18 139 32 -/+50 50 7.5 (5 a/s) 7.5 45 20.4 pi3422 12 15 100 f 50 v 6 x 22 f 8 x 100 f 2 x 1 f 1 x 0.1 f 1.12 1.16 145 28 -/+46 60 7.5 (5 a/s) 7.5 74 14 pi3423 12 15 100 f 50 v 6 x 22 f 8 x 100 f 2 x 1 f 1 x 0.1 f 1.20 1.15 179 26 -/+73 70 7.5 (5 a/s) 7.5 97 17 pi3424 12 15 100 f 50 v 6 x 22 f 8 x 47 f 2 x 1 f 1 x 0.1 f 1.29 1.13 209 34 -/+98 60 7.5 (5 a/s) 7.5 98 24.8 table 5 ? recommended input and output capacitance all tracking regulators should have their enable (en) pins connected together to work properly. inductor pairing the pi34xx-00 utilizes an external inductor from the eaton inductor line at cooper industries. this inductor has been optimized for maximum efficiency performance. table 4 details the specific inductor value and part number utilized for each pi34xx-00 device. datasheets are available at www.cooperindustries.com. thermal derating thermal de-rating curves are provided that are based on component temperature changes versus load current, input voltage and air flow. it is recommended to use these curves as a guideline for proper thermal de-rating. these curves represent the entire system and are inclusive to both the picor regulator and the external inductor. maximum thermal operation is limited by either the mosfets or inductor depending upon line and load conditions. thermal measurements were made using a standard pi34xx- 00 evaluation board which is 3 x 4 inches in area and uses 4- layer, 2oz copper. thermal measurements were made on the three main power devices, the two internal mosfets and the external inductor. filter considerations the pi34xx-00 requires input bulk storage capacitance as well as low impedance ceramic x5r input capacitors to ensure proper start up and high frequency decoupling for the power stage. the pi34xx-00 will draw nearly all of the high frequency current from the low impedance ceramic capacitors when the main high side mosfet is conducting. during the time the high side mosfet is off, they are replenished from the bulk capacitor. if the input impedance is high at the switching frequency of the regulator, the bulk capacitor must supply all of the average current into the regulator, including replenishing the ceramic capacitors. this value has been chosen to be 100f so that the pi34xx-00 can start up into a full resistive load and supply the output capacitive load with the default minimum soft start capacitor when the input source impedance is 50 ohms at 1mhz. the esr for this capacitor should be approximately 20m. the rms ripple current in this capacitor is small, so it should not be a concern if the input recommended ceramic capacitors are used. table 5 shows the recommended input and output capacitors to be used for the various models as well as expected transient response, rms ripple currents per capacitor, and input and output ripple voltages. table 6 includes the recommended input and output ceramic capacitors. out master v r1 r2 trk sgnd pi34xx slave figure 40 ? voltage divider connections for direct tracking device inductor [nh} inductor part number manufacturer pi3420-00 85 fpv1006-85-r eaton pi3421-00 125 fpv1006-125-r eaton pi3422-00 125 fpv1006-125-r eaton pi3423-00 150 fpv1006-150-r eaton pi3424-00 150 fpv1006-150-r eaton cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 26 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 table 6 ? capacitor manufacturer part numbers in c in v in v out c figure 41 ? typical buck regulator out c n v out c n v i n v c figure 42 ? current flow: q1 closed out c n v c out c n v i n v c figure 43 ? current flow: q2 closed in c out c out in v v gnd vsw gnd figure 44 ? recommended component placement and metal routing murata part number description grm188r71c105ka12d 1 f 16 v 0603 x7r GRM319R71H104KA01D 0.1 f 50 v 1206 x7r grm31cr60j107me39l 100 f 6.3 v 1206 x5r grm31cr61a476me15l 47 f 10 v 1206 x5r grm31cr61e226ke15l 22 f 25 v 1206 x5r layout guidelines to achieve maximum efficiency and low noise performance from a pi34xx-00 design, layout considerations are necessary. reducing trace resistance and minimizing high current loop returns along with proper component placement will contribute to optimal performance. a typical buck regulator circuit is shown in figure 41. the potential areas of high parasitic inductance and resistance are the circuit return paths, shown as lr below. the path between the c out and c i n capacitors is of particular importance since the ac currents are ?owing through both of them when q1 is turned on. figure 42, schematically, shows the reduced trace length between input and output capacitors. the shorter path lessens the effects that copper trace parasitics can have on the pi34xx-00 performance. when q1 is on and q2 is off, the majority of c in s current is used to satisfy the output load and to recharge the c out capacitors. when q1 is off and q2 is on, the load current is supplied by the inductor and the c out capacitor as shown in figure 43. during this period c in is also being recharged by the v in . minimizing cin loop inductance is important to reduce peak voltage excursions when q1 turns off. also, the difference in area between the c in loop and c out loop is vital to minimize switching and gnd noise. the recommended component placement, shown in figure 44 , illustrates the tight path between c in and c out (and v in and v out ) for the high ac return current. this optimized layout is used on the pi34xx-00 evaluation board. figure 45 details the recommended receiving footprint for pi34xx-00 10 mm x 14 mm package. all pads should have a ?nal copper size of 0.55 mm x 0.5 5mm, whether they are solder-mask de?ned or copper de?ned, on a 1 mm x 1 mm grid. all stencil openings are 0.55 mm when using 6mil stencil. cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 27 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 figure 45 ? recommended receiving pcb footprint recommended pcb footprint and stencil cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 28 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 package drawings cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 29 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 revision history revision date description page number(s) 1.0 02/13 last release in old format n/a 1.1 08/03/15 reformatted in new template n/a 1.2 09/03/15 inductor pairing table updates 6, 7 & 25 1.3 12/21/15 clarifications made in enable pin conditions 7, 8, 11, 14, 17 & 28 cool-power ? rev 1.3 vicorpower.com page 30 of 30 12/2015 800 927.9474 pi34xx-00 vicor?s comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density ac-dc and dc-dc modules and accessory components, fully configurable ac-dc and dc-dc power supplies, and complete custom power systems. information furnished by vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by vicor for its use. vicor makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication. vicor reserves the right to make changes to any products, specifications, and product descriptions at any time without notice. information published by vicor h as been checked and is believed to be accurate at the time it was printed; however, vicor assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies. testing and other quality controls are used to the extent vicor deems necessary to support vicor?s product warranty. except where mandated by government requirements , testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed. specifications are subject to change without notice. vicor?s standard terms and conditions all sales are subject to vicor?s standard terms and conditions of sale, which are available on vicor?s webpage or upon request. product warranty in vicor?s standard terms and conditions of sale, vicor warrants that its products are free from non-conformity to its standard specifications (the ?express limited warranty?). this warranty is extended only to the original buyer for the period expiring two (2) years after t he date of shipment and is not transferable. unless otherwise expressly stated in a written sales agreement signed by a duly authorized vicor signatory, vicor disclaims all representations, liabilities, and warranties of any kind (whether arising by implication or by operation of law) with respect to the products, including, without limitation, any warranties or representations as to merchantability, fitness for particular purpose, infringement of any patent, copyright, or other intellectual property right, or any other matter. this warranty does not extend to products subjected to misuse, accident, or improper application, maintenance, or storage. vico r shall not be liable for collateral or consequential damage. vicor disclaims any and all liability arising out of the application or use of any pro duct or circuit and assumes no liability for applications assistance or buyer product design. buyers are responsible for their products and applications us ing vicor products and components. prior to using or distributing any products that include vicor components, buyers should provide adequate design, testing and operating safeguards. vicor will repair or replace defective products in accordance with its own best judgment. for service under this warranty, the buyer must contact vicor to obtain a return material authorization (rma) number and shipping instructions. products returned without prior author ization will be returned to the buyer. the buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. vicor will pay all re shipment charges if the product was defective within the terms of this warranty. life support policy vicor?s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express prior written approval of the chief executive officer and general counsel of vicor corporation. as used herein, life support devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and wh ose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a s ignificant injury to the user. a critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expec ted to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. per vicor terms and conditions of sale, the user of vicor products and components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies vicor against all liability and damag es. intellectual property notice vicor and its subsidiaries own intellectual property (including issued u.s. and foreign patents and pending patent applications ) relating to the products described in this data sheet. no license, whether express, implied, or arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intel lectual property rights is granted by this document. interested parties should contact vicor's intellectual property department. the products described on this data sheet are protected by the following u.s. patents numbers: 6,788,033; 7,154,250; 7,561,446; 7,361,844; d496,906; d506,438; 6,940,013; 7,038,917; 6,969,909; 7,166,898; 6,421,262; 7,368,95 7; re 40,072 vicor corporation 25 frontage road andover, ma 01810 usa picor corporation 51 industrial drive north smithfield, ri 02896 usa email customer service: 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